inside a sinking submarine

The Indonesian navy has indicated it has deployed all ships equipped with underwater devices to help with the search and rescue mission. Until 1936 it was named by its manufacturing codename CV 707. “The seabed isn’t necessarily flat, and it is quite likely to have some crevasses and some rises, so even if the submarine is still a whole hull, it may be very difficult to find. A British submarine that mysteriously vanished during World War II has been found at the bottom of the sea in “fantastic condition,” marine archaeologists revealed Thursday. “The submarine is designed to go to about 250 metres, and they usually have probably double that as a safety margin, but when you’re starting to get below that, who knows? Rear Adm. Edward Ellsberg, the author of On the Bottom: The Raising of the Submarine S-51 — now available as an ebook through Open Road Media — recalled how the sinking … In An Extraordinary Act Of Heroism, This Sailor Sealed Himself Inside A Sinking Submarine. [1] The mercury had been seeping out of rusted containers, contaminating the region and sea life. He said it was not likely that the submarine was still operating and had just lost communication. This occurred when HMS Venturer engaged U-864 ; the Venturer crew manually computed a successful firing solution against a three-dimensionally maneuvering target using techniques which became the basis of modern torpedo computer targeting systems. Some have speculated that the Russian Submarine K-129 was sunk by a US submarine, and that the sinking of Scorpion was done in retaliation for this. Owen said there were three likely outcomes for the submarines and its crew. Hopefully, it will be rescued soon, so that oxygen supply is still there,” Margono told a press conference on Thursday. [10] The wreck was in two major sections, fore and aft, with the center section missing, including the conning tower. U-864 would have needed to be certified ready to sail at Horten before proceeding to Bergen. What Happens When a Submarine Sinks | Last Moments - YouTube She departed from Kiel on 5 December 1944 on her last mission, to transport to Japan a large quantity of mercury, plus parts and engineering drawings for German jet fighters. [20][21], In October 2018 the Norwegian Coastal Administration decided that the wreck of U-864 would after all be entombed by capping her in clean fill on the seabed where she lay. The missing KRI Nanggala-402 submarine, pictured in 2014. By October 1944, the USS Tang had racked up the best record of any US Navy submarine, sinking Japanese ships across the Pacific. [2], So far 4 kilograms (8.8 lb) per year of mercury is leaking out into the surrounding environment, resulting in high levels of contamination in cod, torsk and edible crab around the wreck. Yudo Margono, the chief of staff of the Indonesian navy, said there were two possibilities for the oil spill: a leak caused by a crack in the tank of the submarine, or the deliberate disposal of oil by the crew to try to prevent the submarine from sinking. This is being proposed as a permanent solution to the problem, and the proposal notes that similar techniques have been successfully used around 30 times to contain mercury-contaminated sites over the past 20 years.[14]. During the Norwegian Coastal Administration's investigation of the wreck of U-864 in 2005, radiation measurements were made but no traces of uranium oxide were found. “Its either on the seabed, or it’s on the surface. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of 9,000 metric horsepower (6,620 kW; 8,880 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. The shipwreck was located in March 2003 by the Royal Norwegian Navy 2 nmi (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) west of the island of Fedje in the North Sea, at 150 metres (490 ft). It was early morning on a Sunday in October 1923. It’s practically impossible to get them out at that depth. The submarine was on manoeuvres in the Barents Sea on August 12, 2000 when it sank with the loss of all 118 aboard. The missing KRI Nanggala-402 submarine, pictured in 2014. She was then reassigned to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla.[5]. Or it’s just operating and it’s unaware that people are looking for it. “At that depth of water, they could still be in one piece, but there probably would have been lots of buckling. Vesikko is a submarine, which was launched on 10 May 1933 at the Crichton-Vulcan dock in Turku. German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. Goldrick said rescue efforts would be extremely difficult, especially if the ship had actually sunk to the seabed. “Getting to 40 years old is really starting to push it,” he said. Its original 5 millimetres (0.20 in) thick wall was found to have corroded badly, leaving in places a 1 millimetre (0.039 in) thickness of steel. Australia’s defence minister, Peter Dutton, said that he had called his counterpart, Prabowo Subianto, and offered Australia’s assistance. The cargo included approximately 67 short tons (61 t) of metallic mercury in 1,857 32-kilogram (71 lb) steel flasks stored in her keel. Frank Owen, a submarine rescue expert, told the Guardian that this particular vessel was only designed to dive to a depth of less than half that. “We have had good cooperation with Singapore and Australia in the search and handling of training accidents,” military commander and air chief marshal Hadi Tjahjanto said. Hope is fading for the 53 crew members on a missing Indonesian submarine, as the search for the vessel continues off the coast of Bali. Disassembly 3D is a game with only one goal - break EVERYTHING! All Schnorkel trials and training were conducted at Horten near Oslo. Venturer was not using active sonar, (ASDIC), to avoid betraying her position and spotted the U-boat's snorkel. Margono emphasised that in a blackout situation, people on a submarine can survive for three days. That is the most plausible explanation for Estonian Margus Kurm, former state prosecutor and head of the government's investigative committee looking into the sinking of the ferry in 2005-2009. “The problem is that if the submarine is in an area that’s too deep, there’s very little you can do about it if it has actually gone down. It could be a communication failure, but it has been 24 hours since the submarine was lost, so it’s looking less and less likely.”. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 200 metres (660 ft). Once fully submerged, life takes on an 18 hour schedule. By Ken Macdonald. [18] However, the operation was postponed after the government wanted additional studies undertaken. Did the ship hit a submarine before sinking? [15], On 11 November 2008, the Norwegian Coastal Administration awarded the contract for the possible salvage of the U-864 submarine and her cargo of mercury to salvage company Mammoet Salvage BV. Among these is the only documented instance of a submarine sinking another submarine while both were submerged. This was reported to be a safe, fully remotely controlled operation which would raise the submarine and remove the source of pollution without the need for anyone working under water. It’s one of three options. “Almost nobody operates submarines that old. Commanded throughout her entire career by Korvettenkapitän Ralf-Reimar Wolfram, she served with the 4th U-boat Flotilla undergoing crew training from her commissioning until 31 October 1944. [2] One study recommended entombing the wreck under a layer of sand as well as gravel and concrete. The entire sinking took three minutes and 12 seconds from the first explosion to the final collapse. Submarining can very easily go wrong. On all submarines, the first task after submersion is to ensure there are no leaks anywhere onboard. Purchased by the Finnish before World War II, she saw service in the Winter War and Continuation War, sinking … So it’s either a communication problem or a submarine problem.”. - Submarine disasters - Among them was the horrific sinking in 2000 of the Kursk, the pride of Russia's Northern Fleet. An inquiry found a … It is the only documented instance in the history of naval warfare where one submarine intentionally sank another while both were submerged. While docked in the Bruno U-boat pens, U-864 received minor damage on 12 January when the pens and shipping in the harbour were attacked by 32 Royal Air Force Lancaster bombers and one Mosquito bomber of Numbers 9 and 617 Squadrons. At least one Tallboy bomb penetrated the roof of the bunker causing severe damage inside, and left one of the seven pens unusable for the remainder of the war.[7][8]. [9] An expedition to gather more detail by sonar mapping of the seafloor was mounted in October 2003. Several messages found in the Ultra archives show that there were problems with the snorkel, which needed repairs before the U-864 put to sea for her voyage to Japan. This had the highest priority for submarine shipment to Japan and was used in the manufacture of explosives, especially primers. In an unusually long engagement for a submarine and in a situation for which neither crew had been trained, Venturer waited 45 minutes after making contact before going to action stations, waiting in vain for U-864 to surface and thus present an easier target. “They had an exercise they were going to do, there was an expectation they were going to communicate, but they didn’t communicate. She made for there, but on 9 February, Venturer heard U-864's diesel engine noise. [19], In the spring of 2016, the Norwegian Coastal Administration installed a counter fill on the slope under the bow section of U-864 in order to stabilize the seabed. I am very concerned by reports regarding an Indonesian submarine, KRI Nanggala, that is missing off the coast of Bali. On 6 February, U-864 passed the Fedje area without being detected, but one of her engines began to misfire and she was ordered to return to Bergen. The boat had a complement of fifty-five. [3] The U-boat had a total length of 87.58 m (287 ft 4 in), a pressure hull length of 68.50 m (224 ft 9 in), a beam of 7.50 m (24 ft 7 in), a height of 10.20 m (33 ft 6 in), and a draught of 5.35 m (17 ft 7 in). Approximately 1,500 short tons (1,400 t) of mercury was purchased by the Japanese from Italy between 1942 and Italy's surrender in September 1943. Suddenly the lead sub was violently struck by a steamship. According to decrypted intercepts of German naval communications with Japan, U-864's mission was to transport military equipment to Japan destined for the Japanese military industry, a mission code-named Operation Caesar. The Mystery of the Sinking of the USS Scorpion. That the mercury was contained in steel canisters was confirmed when one of the canisters containing mercury was located and brought to the surface during surveys of her wreck in 2005. After three hours, Venturer fired all four bow torpedo tubes at the U-boat's predicted position, beginning at 12:12 and at 17 second intervals (taking four minutes[citation needed] to reach their target), then dived suddenly to evade any retaliation from his opponent. U-864 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 with 2575 rounds as well as two 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The vessel was officially inducted into the navy in 1981, making it one of the oldest submarines still active. For example, there is a large variety of movies and books about the Titanic1 which in 1912 took 2 hours and 40 minutes to sink after striking an iceberg. [12], The delicate condition of the 2,400-ton wreck, the rusting mercury bottles, and the live torpedoes on board would make a lifting operation extremely dangerous, with significant potential for an environmental catastrophe. The operation involved laying approximately 100 000 cubic meters of sand and rock in a controlled and precise manner from a specially designed ship. Establishing that the counter fill in 2016 was a similar operation as capping, the government decided that capping could be carried out with proven technology and with minimum spreading of contaminated sediments. Imploding, she split in two, sinking with all hands and coming to rest in over 150 m (490 ft) of water, 2 nmi (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) west of Fedje. [6], In March 2003, the Royal Norwegian Navy minesweeper KNM Tyr, alerted by local fishermen, found the wreck. The sinking of floating objects has long caught the public imagination. “The oil slick might give an indication, and with an understanding of the environmental conditions, the prevailing currents and the wind, you might be able to say, well you can track back to a likely position, but it’s very difficult. The foreign minister, Marise Payne, also said Australia would provide any assistance it could, but that submarine rescues were complex and difficult. U-864 had a displacement of 1,610 tonnes (1,580 long tons) when at the surface and 1,799 tonnes (1,771 long tons) while submerged. [6], According to her cargo list, U-864 also carried parts and engineering drawings for German jet fighter aircraft and other military supplies for Japan, while among her passengers were Messerschmitt engineers Rolf von Chlingensperg and Riclef Schomerus, Japanese torpedo expert Tadao Yamoto, and Japanese fuel expert Toshio Nakai. The 1915 sinking of the Lusitania, just 18 minutes after a torpedo from the German submarine U-20 struck it, eventually [3], The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 20.8 knots (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 knots (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph). On 29 January 2009, the Norwegian government approved the proposed method of raising the wreck, and the operation was scheduled to begin in 2010. The sunken wreck of a British submarine from the Second World War with 71 bodies sealed inside has been found by divers off the coast of Sardinia. “It is not a submarine that Australia operates; our submarine class is quite different, but whatever we are able to do we have undertaken to do, and I think those submariners and their families are very much in need of all of our thoughts and prayers.”. 7: Cargo", "Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary, Campaign Diary, January 1945", "Vurdering og anbefaling av videre miljøtiltak ved vraket av U-864", "NCA recommends covering wrecked mercury-submarine outside Bergen", "Toxic timebomb surfaces 60 years after U-boat lost duel to the death", "Sub Poses Environmental Threat in Norway", "The Norwegian Coastal Administration recommends encasing and covering the wreck of the submarine U-864", "Nazi U-Boat Imperils Norwegians Decades After the War", "Norway to raise toxic Nazi submarine wreck", http://navaltoday.com/2017/01/25/norway-deals-with-dangerous-wwii-submarine-wreck-off-fedje/, http://www.maritimejournal.com/news101/marine-civils/marine-civils/submarine-wreck-entombed, https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/environmental-solution-for-the-shipwreck-of-the-ww-ii-submarine-u-864/id2614253/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-864&oldid=1019004980, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Calculated crush depth: 230 m (754 ft 7 in), 20.8 knots (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) surfaced, 12,750 nmi (23,610 km; 14,670 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced, 57 nmi (106 km; 66 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged, This page was last edited on 21 April 2021, at 01:12. After German radio transmissions regarding U-864 were decrypted, Venturer was rerouted to intercept the U-boat. The last time KRI Nanggala was refitted was in 2012, in South Korea, where parts of its structure were replaced or upgraded. The Norwegian government instead awarded a contract to a salvage company to raise the wreck; however, the proposed operation was put on hold pending additional studies. The potential for the worst to have happened is very high.”. [10] The mercury, contained in 1,857 rusting steel bottles located down in the vessel's keel, was found to be leaking out and currently poses a severe environmental threat, from potential mercury poisoning. If something fails, then everything fails.”. The vessel was officially inducted into the navy in 1981, making it one of the oldest submarines still active. Several countries, including Australia, Singapore and India, have responded to a request for help from Indonesia to search for the missing submarine. Goldrick said even finding the ship would be difficult, even if the oil spill spotted close to the last diving position gave some indication where it might be. [6], While en route to Bergen, U-864 ran aground and had to stop in Farsund for repairs, not arriving in Bergen until 5 January 1945. They believe it may have sunk to a depth of 600 to 700 metres. Indonesia’s defence ministry said the navy lost contact with the ship soon after it was given clearance to dive, at about 3am on Wednesday. Although attempts using robotic vehicles to dig into the half-buried keel were abandoned after the unstable wreck shifted, one of the steel bottles was recovered. Indonesian navy submarine goes missing with 53 people onboard. [12][13] A three-year study by the Norwegian Coastal Administration has recommended entombing the wreck in a 12 metres (39 ft) thickness of sand, with a reinforcing layer of gravel or concrete to prevent erosion. HMS Urge ne… There was some speculation as to whether U-864 was carrying uranium oxide, as was the U-234, which surrendered to the US Navy in the Atlantic on 15 May 1945, but Det Norske Veritas (DNV) concluded that there was no evidence that uranium oxide was on board U-864 when she departed Bergen. She had two shafts and two 1.85 m (6 ft) propellers. A signal stated that a new escort would be provided her at Hellisøy on 10 February. The missing 209/1300-type submarine was built in Germany’s Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft in 1977, and was officially inducted into the navy in 1981, making it one of the oldest submarines still active. The result was a long fall and immediate death for 99 American sailors. Mammoet, which was awarded the contract for the salvage of the Russian nuclear submarine Kursk in 2001, had proposed a method of raising U-864's wreck which would satisfy the environmental requirements, described as "a safe and innovative salvage solution". Welcome to Disassembly 3D! [6], The U-864, commanded by Wolfram, left Kiel on 5 December 1944, arriving at Horten Naval Base, Norway four days later. Before leaving Germany, U-864 had been refitted with a snorkel mast. The remnants of U-3523, one of Nazi Germany's rarest high-tech submarines, were discovered near Denmark this week. James Goldrick, a retired rear admiral and naval historian, said the age of the vessel could have been a contributing factor. The proposal of entombing the wreck rather than removing it was criticised by locals concerned about possible future leakage. Earlier, defence officials had said they believed the ship had an electrical failure during the dive, causing it to lose control and preventing it from resurfacing. She was then reassigned to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla. August 10, 2018. Further analysis was performed with a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) in August 2005, locating an additional 107 pieces of vessel debris in the area, likely parts of the exploded center section. U-864 heard the torpedoes coming and also dived deeper and turned away to avoid them, managing to avoid the first three but unknowingly steering into the path of the fourth. “It lost contact at 3am yesterday, so there is still time until Saturday at 3am. Each submarine risked raising her periscope. [3], Commanded throughout her entire career by Korvettenkapitän Ralf-Reimar Wolfram,[4] she served with the 4th U-boat Flotilla undergoing crew training from her commissioning until 31 October 1944. The Indonesian navy has revealed that an oil spill at sea was spotted near the early diving position of the KRI Nanggala-402 before it went missing. The fragmented wreck contains 67 tonnes of toxic liquid mercury. The worry here is that not only is the boat approaching 40 years old, as an original boat, but the length of time since the last major refit is approaching the limit.”. [16][17] The operation was estimated to cost 1 billion kroner (US$153 million). Officials believe vessel may have sunk to depth of 600-700 metres, more than twice depth it was designed for, First published on Thu 22 Apr 2021 03.47 EDT. The Sinking of the ‘Faa di Bruno’ — Inside Italy’s Submarine War in the North Atlantic Published Date: 23 September, 2020 The Faa di Bruno, an Italian Marcello-class submarine, similar to the one pictured here, was on patrol in the North Atlantic in late 1940 when it … I have spoken to Defence Minister @prabowo today to offer Australia’s assistance. Upon realizing they were being followed by the British submarine and that their escort had still not arrived, U-864 began zig-zagging. While returning to Bergen, Norway to repair a misfiring engine, U-864 was detected and sunk on 9 February 1945 by the British submarine HMS Venturer, killing all 73 on board. [11] Boating and fishing near the wreck has been prohibited. Meanwhile, repairs and adjustments to her snorkel had been completed, and U-864 had commenced submerged trials. Vesikko was ordered by a Dutch engineering company Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw in 1930 as a commercial submarine prototype. The result was reduced risk of movement by unconsolidated sediments, including contaminated materials, during seaquakes. Submarine O-5 was leading a patrol of four subs in a bay off the northern end of the Panama Canal. [3] When submerged, the boat could operate for 121 nautical miles (224 km; 139 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 12,750 nautical miles (23,610 km; 14,670 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). The first, 100 times smaller than the giant seismic event, is consistent with a torpedo exploding inside the submarine and took place just 2 minutes and 15 seconds earlier. The British submarine HMS Venturer was sent from the British submarine base at Lerwick. U.S. “So you have an area of probability that you need to search in, and even in very deep water, a small area of possibility can be very difficult. Over time part of the toxic metal had spread over an area of 30,000 square metres. [22], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}60°46′10″N 4°37′15″E / 60.76944°N 4.62083°E / 60.76944; 4.62083, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in February 1945, "Salvage of U864 – Supplementary Studies – Study No. The German submarine U-864 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine in World War II. Entire sinking took three minutes and 12 seconds from the British submarine base at Lerwick press conference on.. Actually sunk to the 33rd U-boat Flotilla. [ 5 ] sonar mapping of the toxic had. Rusted containers, contaminating the region and Sea life submarine hms Venturer was from! 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